Dealing with complexity through “actor-focused” Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation (PME). From results-based management towards results-based learning

This paper reports the results of a collaborative action-research process (2010-2012) in which 10 development organisations (nine Dutch and one Belgian), together with their Southern partners, explored if and how a variety of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) approaches and methods helped them deal with processes of complex change. These approaches include Outcome Mapping (OM), Most Significant Change (MSC), Sensemaker, client-satisfaction instruments, personal-goal exercises, outcome studies, and scorecards. The study has been supported by PSO, an association of Dutch development organisations that supports capacity-development processes. The Research Institute for Work and Society (HIVA) at the Catholic University of Leuven provided methodological support.status: publishe